NETA Personal Trainer Practice Exam

How many ATP molecules can aerobic systems produce?

1. 10-20

2. 38-129

3. 20-37

4. 5-10

The correct answer is: 38-129

The aerobic energy system is responsible for producing ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells. This process utilizes glucose, fatty acids, and sometimes amino acids in the presence of oxygen to generate ATP, the energy currency of cells. When glucose is fully oxidized during aerobic metabolism, it can produce up to 36-38 ATP molecules, depending on the efficiency of the transport mechanisms and the shuttle systems used in the cell. Additionally, when fatty acids are utilized in aerobic respiration, particularly in long-duration, moderate-intensity exercise, the ATP yield can be substantially higher, as fats provide more carbon chains for oxidation compared to glucose. Therefore, when considering both carbohydrate and fat metabolism, the total potential ATP production through aerobic pathways can reach numbers in the range of 38-129 ATP molecules under optimal conditions, especially during prolonged physical activity where fat becomes a significant fuel source. This understanding highlights the advantages of the aerobic system, particularly in sustaining energy production over long durations, which is why this is the correct answer.