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What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

  1. Skull and vertebrae

  2. Upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdle

  3. Thoracic cage

  4. Cranial bones

The correct answer is: Upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdle

The appendicular skeleton comprises the parts of the skeleton that facilitate movement and interaction with the environment, particularly the limbs and their attachment points to the torso. This includes the upper extremities (arms, shoulders, and hands) and lower extremities (legs, pelvis, and feet), as well as the shoulder girdle (which connects the arms to the torso) and the pelvic girdle (which connects the legs to the torso). Understanding the layout of the skeleton is crucial for personal trainers, as knowledge of the body's structure plays an important role in designing effective training programs and ensuring safe movement patterns. The other choices focus on components of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebrae, and thoracic cage. They do not pertain to the appendicular skeleton's primary purpose of aiding mobility and supporting the limbs.