NETA Personal Trainer Practice Exam

What muscle group is often involved in Upper Cross Syndrome due to tightness?

1. Hamstrings

2. Gluteus Maximus

3. Upper trapezius and levator scapulae

4. Erector spinae

The correct answer is: Upper trapezius and levator scapulae

Upper Cross Syndrome is characterized by a specific pattern of muscle imbalances, particularly in the upper body. The upper trapezius and levator scapulae are commonly affected due to their tendency to tighten as a result of poor posture, which is often influenced by prolonged periods of sitting or forward head position. In this syndrome, these muscles can become overactive, leading to a rounded shoulder posture and forward head position, which is indicative of the "crossed" pattern seen in the condition. As the upper trapezius and levator scapulae become tight, they can also contribute to weakness in opposing muscle groups, such as the deep neck flexors and the lower trapezius. This imbalance can result in dysfunction, pain, and further postural issues. In contrast, the hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae are muscles that play different roles and are not primarily implicated in this specific upper body postural disorder. The hamstrings are located in the posterior leg, the gluteus maximus is involved in hip extension and stabilization, and the erector spinae muscles support the spine and assist in maintaining an upright posture, but do not directly relate to the upper cross syndrome's characteristic tightness